Question 1

Humans can digest starch but not cellulose because

Accepted Answer

A)   the monomer of starch is glucose, whereas the monomer of cellulose is galactose.
B)   humans have enzymes that can hydrolyze the β glycosidic linkages of starch but not the α glycosidic linkages of cellulose.
C)   humans have enzymes that can hydrolyze the α glycosidic linkages of starch but not the β glycosidic linkages of cellulose.
D)   humans harbor starch-digesting bacteria in the digestive tract.
E)   the monomer of starch is glucose, whereas the monomer of cellulose is glucose with a nitrogen-containing group.F) A) and E)
G) C) and E)

Question 2

Which of the following are nitrogenous bases of the purine type?

Accepted Answer

A)   cytosine and guanine
B)   guanine and adenine
C)   adenine and thymine
D)   thymine and uracil
E)   uracil and cytosineF) D) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 3

Refer to Figure 3.12 to answer the following questions.
  Figure 3.12
-Which bond is a peptide bond?

Accepted Answer

A)   A
B)   B
C)   C
D)   D
E)   EF) B) and D)
G) A) and D)

Question 4

Figure 3.3
-Which of the structures illustrated in Figure 3.3 contain(s)  a carbonyl functional group?

Accepted Answer

A)   A
B)   C and D
C)   C
D)   D
E)   C and EF) C) and E)
G) A) and E)

Question 5

Figure 3.4
-Which functional group shown in Figure 3.4 is characteristic of alcohols?

Accepted Answer

A)   A
B)   B
C)   C
D)   D
E)   EF) C) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 6

Figure 3.4
-Which of the groups in Figure 3.4 is a carboxyl functional group?

Accepted Answer

A)   A
B)   B
C)   C
D)   D
E)   EF) A) and C)
G) C) and D)

Question 7

Figure 3.6
-Which molecule shown in Figure 3.6 can function as a base?

Accepted Answer

A)   A
B)   B
C)   C
D)   D
E)   EF) A) and C)
G) A) and B)

Question 8

Figure 3.11
-Which of the following statements is true regarding the chemical reaction illustrated in Figure 3.11?

Accepted Answer

A)   It is a hydrolysis reaction.
B)   It results in a peptide bond.
C)   It joins two fatty acids together.
D)   It is a hydrolysis reaction and it results in a peptide bond.
E)   It is a hydrolysis reaction, it results in a peptide bond, and it joins two fatty acids together.F) All of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 9

The difference between the sugar in DNA and the sugar in RNA is that the sugar in DNA

Accepted Answer

A)   is a six-carbon sugar and the sugar in RNA is a five-carbon sugar.
B)   can form a double-stranded molecule.
C)   is an aldehyde sugar and the sugar in the RNA is a keto sugar.
D)   is in the α configuration and the sugar in RNA is in the β configuration.
E)   contains one less oxygen atom.F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of hydrolysis?

Accepted Answer

A)   the reaction of two monosaccharides, forming a disaccharide with the release of water
B)   the synthesis of two amino acids, forming a peptide with the release of water
C)   the reaction of a fat, forming glycerol and fatty acids with the release of water
D)   the reaction of a fat, forming glycerol and fatty acids with the consumption of water
E)   the synthesis of a nucleotide from a phosphate, a pentose sugar, and a nitrogenous base with the production of a molecule of waterF) C) and D)
G) A) and D)

Question 11

Changing a single amino acid in a protein consisting of 325 amino acids would

Accepted Answer

A)   alter the primary structure of the protein but not its tertiary structure or function.
B)   cause the tertiary structure of the protein to unfold.
C)   always alter the biological activity or function of the protein.
D)   always alter the primary structure of the protein and disrupt its biological activity.
E)   always alter the primary structure of the protein, sometimes alter the tertiary structure of the protein, and sometimes affect its biological activity.F) D) and E)
G) B) and E)

Question 12

Which of the following are nitrogenous bases of the pyrimidine type?

Accepted Answer

A)   guanine and adenine
B)   cytosine and uracil
C)   thymine and guanine
D)   ribose and deoxyribose
E)   adenine and thymineF) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

Question 13

Figure 3.8
-Which of the following statements is true regarding the molecule illustrated in Figure 3.8?

Accepted Answer

A)   It is a saturated fatty acid.
B)   A diet rich in this molecule may contribute to atherosclerosis.
C)   Molecules of this type are usually liquid at room temperature.
D)   It is a saturated fatty acid, and a diet rich in this molecule may contribute to atherosclerosis.
E)   It is a saturated fatty acid, a diet rich in this molecule may contribute to atherosclerosis, and molecules of this type are usually liquid at room temperature.F) C) and D)
G) All of the above

Question 14

Which of the following polymers contain nitrogen?

Accepted Answer

A)   starch
B)   glycogen
C)   cellulose
D)   chitin
E)   amylopectinF) A) and E)
G) B) and E)

Question 15

Figure 3.4
-Which of the groups shown in Figure 3.4 is a carbonyl functional group?

Accepted Answer

A)   A
B)   B
C)   C
D)   D
E)   EF) C) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 16

If cells are grown in a medium containing radioactive 15N, which of these molecules will be labeled?

Accepted Answer

A)   fatty acids only
B)   nucleic acids only
C)   proteins only
D)   both fatty acids and proteins
E)   both proteins and nucleic acidsF) C) and E)
G) B) and C)

Question 17

In a normal cellular protein, where would you expect to find a hydrophobic amino acid such as valine?

Accepted Answer

A)   in the interior of the folded protein, away from water
B)   on the exterior surface of the protein, interacting with water
C)   in the transmembrane portion interacting with lipid fatty acid chains
D)   in the interior of the folded protein, away from water, or in a transmembrane portion interacting with lipid fatty acid chains
E)   anywhere in the protein, with equal probabilityF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 18

Which functional group is not present in this molecule?

Accepted Answer

A)   carboxyl
B)   sulfhydryl
C)   hydroxyl
D)   aminoE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 19

Which of the following descriptions best fits the class of molecules known as nucleotides?

Accepted Answer

A)   a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group
B)   a nitrogenous base and a pentose sugar
C)   a nitrogenous base, a phosphate group, and a pentose sugar
D)   a phosphate group and an adenine or uracil
E)   a pentose sugar and a purine or pyrimidineF) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

Question 20

Figure 3.5
-Which molecule(s)  shown in Figure 3.5 is (are)  ionized in a cell?

Accepted Answer

A)   A
B)   B and D
C)   D and E
D)   D
E)   EF) B) and C)
G) D) and E)

Exam 3: Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

Figure 3.4 -Which functional group shown in Figure 3.4 is characteristic of alcohols?

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Figure 3.11 -Which of the following statements is true regarding the chemical reaction illustrated in Figure 3.11?

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Figure 3.5 -Which molecule(s) shown in Figure 3.5 is (are) ionized in a cell?

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The difference between the sugar in DNA and the sugar in RNA is that the sugar in DNA

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Humans can digest starch but not cellulose because

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In a normal cellular protein, where would you expect to find a hydrophobic amino acid such as valine?

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Refer to Figure 3.12 to answer the following questions. Figure 3.12 -Which bond is a peptide bond?

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Figure 3.6 -Which molecule shown in Figure 3.6 can function as a base?

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If cells are grown in a medium containing radioactive 15N, which of these molecules will be labeled?

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Changing a single amino acid in a protein consisting of 325 amino acids would

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Figure 3.3 -Which of the structures illustrated in Figure 3.3 contain(s) a carbonyl functional group?

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Which functional group is not present in this molecule?

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Which of the following polymers contain nitrogen?

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Which of the following descriptions best fits the class of molecules known as nucleotides?

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Figure 3.4 -Which of the groups shown in Figure 3.4 is a carbonyl functional group?

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Which of the following is an example of hydrolysis?

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Which of the following are nitrogenous bases of the purine type?

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Figure 3.4 -Which of the groups in Figure 3.4 is a carboxyl functional group?

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Figure 3.8 -Which of the following statements is true regarding the molecule illustrated in Figure 3.8?

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Which of the following are nitrogenous bases of the pyrimidine type?

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