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Figure 16-12 Figure 16-12   -Refer to Figure 16-12. How much cost per unit could this firm save by producing the efficient level of output rather than the profit-maximizing level of output? A)  $0 B)  $1 C)  $2 D)  $3 -Refer to Figure 16-12. How much cost per unit could this firm save by producing the efficient level of output rather than the profit-maximizing level of output?


A) $0
B) $1
C) $2
D) $3

E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

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In the long run, a monopolistically competitive firm produces a quantity that is


A) equal to the efficient scale.
B) less than the efficient scale.
C) greater than the efficient scale.
D) consistent with diseconomies of scale.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Table 16-2 The following table shows the total output produced by the top six firms as well as the total industry output for each industry. Table 16-2 The following table shows the total output produced by the top six firms as well as the total industry output for each industry.    -Refer to Table 16-2. Which industry has the highest concentration ratio? A)  Industry J B)  Industry K C)  Industry L D)  Industry M -Refer to Table 16-2. Which industry has the highest concentration ratio?


A) Industry J
B) Industry K
C) Industry L
D) Industry M

E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

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The term excess capacity refers to the fact that a firm operates on the upward-sloping portion of its average-total- cost curve.

A) True
B) False

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Firms in industries that have competitors but do not face so much competition that they are price takers are operating in either a(n)


A) oligopoly or perfectly competitive market.
B) oligopoly or monopoly market.
C) oligopoly or monopolistically competitive market.
D) monopoly or monopolistically competitive market.

E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

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Brand names are rarely used to convey information about product quality.

A) True
B) False

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If firms in a particular market sell similar or identical products, then the market is (i) perfectly competitive. (ii) monopolistically competitive. (iii) an oligopoly.


A) (i) or (ii) only
B) (ii) or (iii) only
C) (i) or (iii) only
D) (i) only

E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

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Figure 16-7 Figure 16-7   -Refer to Figure 16-7. Suppose a firm is operating in the situation depicted in panel A)  The firm is earning a positive short-run profit. B)  Which of the following statements is correct? C)  The firm is earning a negative short-run profit. D)  The firm is earning zero short-run profit. D)  We cannot determine profit because we do not know the firm's average total cost. -Refer to Figure 16-7. Suppose a firm is operating in the situation depicted in panel


A) The firm is earning a positive short-run profit.
B) Which of the following statements is correct?
C) The firm is earning a negative short-run profit.
D) The firm is earning zero short-run profit.
D) We cannot determine profit because we do not know the firm's average total cost.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Consider two industries in which firms hold the following market shares: Industry A: 25%, 20%, 18%, 15%, 8%, 7%, 4%, 2%, 1% Industry B: 30%, 10%, 9%, 8%, 8%, 8%, 8%, 6%, 6%, 5%, 2% What are the concentration ratios for each industry? Which is more competitive?

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Figure 16-2. The figure is drawn for a monopolistically competitive firm. Figure 16-2. The figure is drawn for a monopolistically competitive firm.   -Refer to Figure 16-2. If the ATC=40 at the profit-maximizing level of output, which of the following will occur in the long run in this industry? A)  Firms will exit this industry. B)  Firms will enter this industry. C)  This firm will continue to earn positive economic profits. D)  This firm will incur losses. -Refer to Figure 16-2. If the ATC=40 at the profit-maximizing level of output, which of the following will occur in the long run in this industry?


A) Firms will exit this industry.
B) Firms will enter this industry.
C) This firm will continue to earn positive economic profits.
D) This firm will incur losses.

E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

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Table 16-1 The following table shows the percentage of output supplied by the top eight firms in four different industries. Table 16-1 The following table shows the percentage of output supplied by the top eight firms in four different industries.    -Refer to Table 16-1. What is the concentration ratio in Industry B? A)  18% B)  34% C)  61% D)  95% -Refer to Table 16-1. What is the concentration ratio in Industry B?


A) 18%
B) 34%
C) 61%
D) 95%

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Table 16-2 The following table shows the total output produced by the top six firms as well as the total industry output for each industry. Table 16-2 The following table shows the total output produced by the top six firms as well as the total industry output for each industry.    -Refer to Table 16-2. What is the concentration ratio for Industry K? A)  about 8% B)  about 36% C)  about 48% D)  about 84% -Refer to Table 16-2. What is the concentration ratio for Industry K?


A) about 8%
B) about 36%
C) about 48%
D) about 84%

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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Which type of market structure has the fewest number of firms?

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Scenario 16-3 Peter operates an ice cream shop in the center of Fairfield. He sells several unusual flavors of organic, homemade ice cream so he has a monopoly over his own ice cream, though he competes with many other firms selling ice cream in Fairfield for the same customers. Peter's demand and cost values for sales per day are given in the table below. (Everyone who purchases Peter's ice cream buys a double scoop cone because it's so delicious.) Scenario 16-3 Peter operates an ice cream shop in the center of Fairfield. He sells several unusual flavors of organic, homemade ice cream so he has a monopoly over his own ice cream, though he competes with many other firms selling ice cream in Fairfield for the same customers. Peter's demand and cost values for sales per day are given in the table below. (Everyone who purchases Peter's ice cream buys a double scoop cone because it's so delicious.)     -Refer to Scenario 16-3. How many double scoop ice cream cones should Peter sell per day to maximize his profit? A)  80 B)  100 C)  120 D)  140 -Refer to Scenario 16-3. How many double scoop ice cream cones should Peter sell per day to maximize his profit?


A) 80
B) 100
C) 120
D) 140

E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

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A monopolistically competitive industry is characterized by


A) many firms, differentiated products, and barriers to entry.
B) many firms, differentiated products, and free entry.
C) a few firms, identical products, and free entry.
D) a few firms, differentiated products, and barriers to entry.

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Which of the following pairs illustrates the two extreme examples of market structures?


A) competition and oligopoly
B) competition and monopoly
C) monopoly and monopolistic competition
D) oligopoly and monopolistic competition

E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

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A recent outbreak of hepatitis was linked to a national fast-food restaurant chain. This is an example of a case in which


A) brand name identity increases the effectiveness of markets.
B) brand name identity can be detrimental to the profitability of a firm.
C) advertising is ineffective in salvaging perceptions of product quality.
D) advertising cannot be used to establish brand loyalty.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

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Considering perfect competition, monopolistic competition, and monopoly, which of the market structures can have positive profits in the short run?

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perfect competition ...

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Which of these types of firms can earn a positive economic profit in the long run?


A) monopolies, but not competitive firms or monopolistically competitive firms
B) monopolies and monopolistically competitive firms, but not competitive firms
C) monopolies, monopolistically competitive firms, and competitive firms
D) No firms earn positive economic profit in the long run. Entry will reduce all firms' economic profit to zero in the long run.

E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

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Entry of new firms in monopolistically competitive industries can convey a negative externality on producers because firms lose customers and profits from the entry of new competitors. This externality is called the

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business-s...

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