Question 1

Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis,while harder to treat because some antibiotics are ineffective,has a similar prognosis and recovery rate compared to nonresistant tuberculosis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

The major virulence factor of Corynebacterium diphtheriae that causes serious systemic effects is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  its capsules
B)  metachromatic granules
C)  an exotoxin
D)  endospores
E)  an endotoxinF) A) and C)
G) A) and B)

Question 3

Legionella pneumophila ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  is easily killed by chlorine
B)  often lives intracellularly in amoebas
C)  is transmitted through the soil
D)  always causes a severe pneumonia
E)  is a gram-positive bacteriumF) B) and E)
G) A) and E) B

Question 4

A 45-year-old female presents to the emergency department. She reports the onset of a sore throat, cough and rhinorrhea about five days ago. She is now experiencing weakness in her arms and difficulty breathing. She is evaluated in the emergency room and admitted to the intensive care unit. In the provider's initial assessment, the patient is noted to have gross inflammation of her pharynx and tonsils, with grayish-white patches in the pharynx. A throat swab and additional specimens are sent for microbial analysis. The patient is placed in isolation.
-The nurse assesses the patient's medical history and notes that she has not received routine medical screening and treatment in the past 15 years. This patient could avoided this preventable disease by staying current with which vaccination?

Accepted Answer

A)  MMR
B)  Influenza
C)  Td
D)  HPVE) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

Question 5

Influenza virus can exhibit constant mutation of viral glycoproteins called ________,or ________,a more serious phenomenon caused by the exchange of a viral gene with that of another influenza virus strain.

Accepted Answer

A)  antigenic shift,antigenic drift
B)  antigenic drift,antigenic shift
C)  None of these are correct.D) None of the above
E) B) and C)

Question 6

The main contributing factor to the evolution of MDR-TB is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the slow growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis requires antibiotic therapy for months rather than days,which is hard to sustain in some populations; cutting the regimen short allows the resistant bacteria to flourish
B)  the organisms that develop multidrug resistance have a different cell wall composition to the drug-susceptible organisms
C)  certain species of Mycobacterium tuberculosis are able to undergo bacterial transformation at a faster rate than other species,resulting in the transfer of resistance genes
D)  the abundance of antibiotics available in the United States and other developed countries makes it a particular problem for resistant strains to emerge in those parts of the worldE) B) and C)
F) A) and C) A

Question 7

Which of the following is not true of whooping cough?

Accepted Answer

A)  Secondary infections can occur during the convalescent phase
B)  Caused by a small gram-positive rod
C)  Incubation period is 3-21 days
D)  Coldlike symptoms are common for the paroxysmal stage
E)  An uncontrollable cough occurs during the paroxysmal stageF) A) and C)
G) B) and C)

Question 8

Virulence factors of Streptococcus pyogenes include ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  polysaccharides on the cell wall
B)  lipoteichoic acid
C)  M proteins
D)  hyaluronic acid capsule
E)  All of the choices are correct.F) B) and D)
G) D) and E)

Question 9

When the centers of tubercles break down into ________ lesions,they gradually heal by calcification that replaces normal lung tissue.

Accepted Answer

A)  primary
B)  secondary
C)  necrotic caseous
D)  granuloma
E)  tertiaryF) A) and B)
G) All of the above

Question 10

Medical professionals actually observe MDR-TB patients take their medicine through a program called DOT.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

The highest incidence of histoplasmosis in the United States occurs in the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  Southeast
B)  Southwest
C)  East and Midwest
D)  Northeast
E)  Rocky MountainsF) A) and E)
G) C) and E)

Question 12

Hantavirus has all of the following characteristics except ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  a reservoir is human carriers
B)  it is a zoonotic infection
C)  the symptoms are abrupt fever,lung edema,respiratory distress,and hypotension
D)  it is transmitted by aerosol transmission from rodent excreta
E)  the first U.S.outbreak occurred in 1993 in the SouthwestF) B) and E)
G) B) and C)

Question 13

Secondary bacterial infections may occur with the common cold.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Antigenic drift differs from antigenic shift in that antigenic drift reflects the exchange of RNA strands between different virus strains within a common host cell,whereas antigenic shift is the gradual mutation over time of the glycoproteins on the viral envelope that bind to immune cells.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Tuberculin skin testing ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  injects PPD intradermally
B)  uses a purified protein filtrate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
C)  will be positive if the person has had previous exposure to TB
D)  will be positive if the person has active TB
E)  All of the choices are correct.F) All of the above
G) None of the above

Question 16

Which of the following pairs of defense mechanisms is mismatched?

Accepted Answer

A)  Complement activation - third line of defense
B)  Ciliated epithelium - first line of defense
C)  Secretory IgA - third line of defense
D)  Antimicrobial peptides - second line of defense
E)  Coughing - first line of defenseF) A) and E)
G) B) and C) A

Question 17

The causative organism of whooping cough is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  Bordetella pertussis
B)  Streptococcus pneumoniae
C)  Haemophilus influenzae
D)  Streptococcus pyogenes
E)  Corynebacterium diphtheriaeF) A) and D)
G) B) and D)

Question 18

Formation of a pseudomembrane in the back of the throat is seen in ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  diphtheria
B)  pharyngitis
C)  tuberculosis
D)  pertussis
E)  SARSF) C) and E)
G) A) and E)

Question 19

Diphtherotoxin targets cells in the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  pharynx and lungs
B)  lungs and heart
C)  heart and brain
D)  heart and nerves
E)  lungs and nervesF) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 20

Superantigens ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  include streptolysin O
B)  include erythrogenic toxin
C)  induce production of tumor necrosis factor
D)  can initiate a cascade of immune responses
E)  All of the choices are correct.F) B) and E)
G) B) and C)

Exam 19: Infectious Diseases Affecting the Respiratory Systems

Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis,while harder to treat because some antibiotics are ineffective,has a similar prognosis and recovery rate compared to nonresistant tuberculosis.

Correct Answer
verified

The major virulence factor of Corynebacterium diphtheriae that causes serious systemic effects is ________.

Correct Answer
verified

Legionella pneumophila ________.

Correct Answer
verified
B

Correct Answer
verified

Influenza virus can exhibit constant mutation of viral glycoproteins called ,or ,a more serious phenomenon caused by the exchange of a viral gene with that of another influenza virus strain.

Correct Answer
verified

The main contributing factor to the evolution of MDR-TB is ________.

Correct Answer
verified
A

Which of the following is not true of whooping cough?

Correct Answer
verified

Virulence factors of Streptococcus pyogenes include ________.

Correct Answer
verified

When the centers of tubercles break down into ________ lesions,they gradually heal by calcification that replaces normal lung tissue.

Correct Answer
verified

Medical professionals actually observe MDR-TB patients take their medicine through a program called DOT.

Correct Answer
verified

The highest incidence of histoplasmosis in the United States occurs in the ________.

Correct Answer
verified

Hantavirus has all of the following characteristics except ________.

Correct Answer
verified

Secondary bacterial infections may occur with the common cold.

Correct Answer
verified

Antigenic drift differs from antigenic shift in that antigenic drift reflects the exchange of RNA strands between different virus strains within a common host cell,whereas antigenic shift is the gradual mutation over time of the glycoproteins on the viral envelope that bind to immune cells.

Correct Answer
verified

Tuberculin skin testing ________.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following pairs of defense mechanisms is mismatched?

Correct Answer
verified
A

The causative organism of whooping cough is ________.

Correct Answer
verified

Formation of a pseudomembrane in the back of the throat is seen in ________.

Correct Answer
verified

Diphtherotoxin targets cells in the ________.

Correct Answer
verified

Superantigens ________.

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 19: Infectious Diseases Affecting the Respiratory Systems

Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis,while harder to treat because some antibiotics are ineffective,has a similar prognosis and recovery rate compared to nonresistant tuberculosis.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The major virulence factor of Corynebacterium diphtheriae that causes serious systemic effects is ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Legionella pneumophila ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedB

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Influenza virus can exhibit constant mutation of viral glycoproteins called ________,or ________,a more serious phenomenon caused by the exchange of a viral gene with that of another influenza virus strain.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The main contributing factor to the evolution of MDR-TB is ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Which of the following is not true of whooping cough?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Virulence factors of Streptococcus pyogenes include ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When the centers of tubercles break down into ________ lesions,they gradually heal by calcification that replaces normal lung tissue.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Medical professionals actually observe MDR-TB patients take their medicine through a program called DOT.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The highest incidence of histoplasmosis in the United States occurs in the ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Hantavirus has all of the following characteristics except ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Secondary bacterial infections may occur with the common cold.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Antigenic drift differs from antigenic shift in that antigenic drift reflects the exchange of RNA strands between different virus strains within a common host cell,whereas antigenic shift is the gradual mutation over time of the glycoproteins on the viral envelope that bind to immune cells.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Tuberculin skin testing ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following pairs of defense mechanisms is mismatched?

Correct AnswerverifiedA

The causative organism of whooping cough is ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Formation of a pseudomembrane in the back of the throat is seen in ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Diphtherotoxin targets cells in the ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Superantigens ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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B

Correct Answer
verified

Influenza virus can exhibit constant mutation of viral glycoproteins called ,or ,a more serious phenomenon caused by the exchange of a viral gene with that of another influenza virus strain.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
A

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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A

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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