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Exam 6: A: Learning

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Question 21

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Which of the following could be accounted for by classical conditioning?

A) learning to play baseball
B) learning to love the smell of Grandpa's aftershave
C) learning to talk
D) learning to avoid shopping in a store with bad customer service

E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

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Question 22

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Why is much of the evidence about the effects of spanking considered to be controversial?

A) Most of the studies are correlational, which does not allow for conclusive statements about cause and effect.
B) Although there is a lot of anecdotal data regarding the risks of spanking, there are no studies with large sample sizes.
C) Most of the studies have been conducted on children with pre-existing behaviour problems.
D) Because most adults have experienced corporal punishment it is next to impossible to find a sample for the control group.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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Question 23

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You are watching a rat pressing a lever in a Skinner box to obtain food pellets. The rat pauses for a long time after each food pellet is delivered, but slowly increases its rate of lever pressing as more time elapses. Which reinforcement schedule is likely in place in this example?

Quyen woke up one night with a spider dangling in front of her face. She screamed, and from that point on she could not stand to be near spiders. What caused Quyen's fear of spiders?

What is the stimulus that naturally evokes an unlearned response in classical conditioning?

Carson used to really enjoy lime sherbet, and when he was in Mexico he tried frozen lime margaritas. After his fourth margarita Carson became extremely ill. Now he finds that even the sight of lime sherbet in a bowl can make him feel queasy. What is the unconditioned stimulus in this example?

According to which type of schedule is a baby's response of shaking a rattle reinforced, assuming the reinforcer is the sound of the rattle?

Through which of the following does avoidance conditioning develop?

When is the reinforcer given in a variable-ratio schedule?

Suppose that a subject is shifted from a low fixed ratio schedule (few responses required to earn a reinforcer) to a higher fixed ratio schedule (more responses required to earn a reinforcer) . Which of the following is most likely to be the result?

Veronica had been working at Zenex Industries for eight months when her boss called her to his office. The boss told Veronica she was being laid off. Veronica could feel her heart pounding as she listened to the news. Veronica got a new job, but every time her new boss asks to talk to her in private, Veronica feels a little faint. What is the unconditioned response in this example?

Which of the following will increase your likelihood of success when using punishment in a self-modification program?

In classical conditioning, a subject can learn to respond to one conditioned stimulus but not to another similar stimulus. What is this phenomenon called?

Which of the following components of observational learning is heavily influenced by expectations about reinforcement, according to Albert Bandura?

Briefly describe observational learning, and explain how it relates to classical and operant conditioning.

A dog is first conditioned to salivate to a tone. Then, a light is paired with the tone for a number of trials. Finally, the light is presented alone, and the dog salivates. What is this procedure called?

Which of the following processes can influence allergic reactions and the growth of drug tolerances, according to studies?

Which of the following seems to be an important factor in whether children exposed to violent television will grow up to have higher levels of aggression as adults, according to the Featured Study on the long-term effects of watching violence on TV?

Dillon is four years old, and his parents want to teach him to say "please" and "thank you." Which method will be most useful for modifying Dillon's behaviour?

A child asks to be allowed to stay up an extra half hour only when his mother is in a good mood, because that is when she is most likely to agree. What does this example illustrate?