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List the structures that compose the respiratory dead space.

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The respiratory dead space consists of the airways of the mouth, nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles. Gaseous exchange does not occur in these areas. This space holds about 150 mL in an adult.

Incorporate health promotion concepts when performing an assessment of the thorax and lungs.

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The concepts of exposure to secondhand s...

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Discuss developmental care associated with the thoracic cavity.

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The primitive lung buds emerge during th...

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Describe the pleurae and their function.

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The pleurae form an envelope between the...

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Summarize the mechanics of respiration.

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The lungs supply oxygen to the blood and...

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Name the components of the thoracic cage.

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The thoracic cage consists of ...

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Describe the borders of the lung.

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The apex of the lung (the highest point) lies 3 or 4 cm above the inner third of the clavicles. The base (lower border) rests on the diaphragm at about the fifth intercostal space in the right midclavicular line and at the sixth rib, the midclavicular line on the left. Laterally, the lung extends from the apex of the axilla to the seventh or eighth rib; and posteriorly, C7 marks the apex, and T10 usually corresponds to the base. On deep inspiration, the lungs expand their lower border to the level of T12.

Discuss the location and functions of the trachea and bronchial tree.

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The trachea, 10 to 11 cm long, lies ante...

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List the contents of the mediastinum.

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The mediastinum is the middle section of the thoracic cavity. The esophagus, trachea, heart, and great vessels occupy the mediastinum.

Describe the anatomic demarcation of the five lobes of the lungs.

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The lung is divided into the upper and l...

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Describe the surface landmarks on the thorax.

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The surface landmarks on the thorax are ...

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