Question 1

One threat to internal validity in criminal justice research that is not very significant is

Accepted Answer

A)   history, because few things happen on a grand scale that would impact criminal justice research
B)   maturation, because criminal justice subjects are not in research studies long enough to mature
C)   statistical regression, because subjects in the criminal justice system are likely to score lower than the mean anyway
D)   the concern about the publication of the findingsE) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 2

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A)   nonequivalent-groups and time-series designs are two general types of quasi-experiments
B)   experiments and time-series designs are two general types of quasi-experiments
C)   all research purposes are amenable to the use of experimental designs
D)   all of the above are trueE) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 3

How many attributes does a dichotomous variable have?

Accepted Answer

A)   0
B)   1
C)   2
D)   4E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 4

Maturation as a threat to internal validity in experiments refers to:

Accepted Answer

A)   some subjects are older than others
B)   as people grow and change, results can be impacted
C)   only subjects over the age of 21 are mature enough to be part of an experiment
D)   none of the aboveE) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 5

Which of the following is not a central feature of the classical experiment?

Accepted Answer

A)   variables
B)   time order
C)   concepts
D)   groupsE) B) and C)
F) A) and C) C

Question 6

The threat of is a concern any time the researcher begins with subjects who exhibit extreme values on the dependent variable.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 7

Time-series designs and case studies are examples of

Accepted Answer

A)   nonparametic designs
B)   case-oriented research
C)   variable-oriented research
D)   scientific realismE) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 8

Feelings of deprivation among the control group may also result in subjects giving up; this is called

Accepted Answer

A)   demoralization
B)   compensatory rivalry
C)   experimental mortality
D)   selection biasE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 9

In Martin Gill's research on the effectiveness of CCTV projects in the UK, which of the following techniques did he use?

Accepted Answer

A)   the research measured fear of crime by citizens before and after the cameras went up
B)   the research measured police data before the cameras went up
C)   comparison was made only in the area where cameras were in use
D)   the research measured if the offenders changed the type of crimes they were committingE) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 10

When neither the subjects nor the researcher can identify which group is the control group and which is the experimental group, the design is said to be:

Accepted Answer

A)   cross-sectional
B)   double-blind
C)   a blind experiment
D)   of no valueE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 11

Accidental spillover of an experimental stimulus to the control group is an example of treatment ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Accidental spillover of an experimental stimulus to...

Question 12

When there is a study of a large number of variables that are associated with a small number of cases or subjects, the researcher is engaged in ____________________ research.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When there is a study of a...

Question 13

Which of the following would be an example of experimental mortality?

Accepted Answer

A)   a subject deciding that he/she wants to participate
B)   inmates in an experiment at the state maximum-security prison being moved to a minimum-security state prison
C)   police officers within one year of retirement participating in a job-satisfaction study
D)   police officers changing their behavior during a study because of a new law that was passedE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 14

Experimentation is best suited for hypothesis testing in:

Accepted Answer

A)   explanatory studies
B)   evaluation studies
C)   physical studies
D)   both explanatory and evaluation studiesE) A) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 15

The central features of what experiment type include (1)  independent and dependent variables, (2)  pretesting and posttesting, and (3)  experimental and control groups created through random assignment?

Accepted Answer

A)   casual experiments
B)   statistical experiments
C)   classical experiments
D)   cardinal experimentsE) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 16

What can help rule out the threats to internal validity in an experimental design?

Accepted Answer

A)   proper selection and assignment of subjects to groups
B)   large sample size
C)   small sample size
D)   nothing can rule out threats to internal validityE) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 17

____________________ refers to the ability to take findings from an experiment and apply them to the real world.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ____________________ refers to the ability to take...

Question 18

What process is accomplished by assigning the odd-numbered subjects to the experimental group and the even-numbered subjects to the control group?

Accepted Answer

A)   basic scientific theory
B)   independent relation
C)   false positive evaluation
D)   random assignmentE) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 19

You have just completed the LSAT and scored 112. Your roommate who is no smarter than you took the LSAT with you and scored 165. You were so upset with your score that you decided to take the test again and you convinced your roommate to take it with you for moral support. You both received scores on the second exam of 150. What accounted for the differences in scores?

Accepted Answer

A)   statistical regression
B)   testing
C)   instrumentation
D)   maturationE) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 20

In social scientific experiments, as in medical experiments, the danger of experimenter bias is further reduced to the extent that the operational definitions of the dependent variables are:

Accepted Answer

A)   clear and precise
B)   controlled
C)   tested and retested
D)   scientifically provenE) B) and C)
F) A) and B) A

Exam 7: Experimental and Quasi Experimental Designs

One threat to internal validity in criminal justice research that is not very significant is

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following statements is true?

Correct Answer
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How many attributes does a dichotomous variable have?

Correct Answer
verified

Maturation as a threat to internal validity in experiments refers to:

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is not a central feature of the classical experiment?

Correct Answer
verified
C

The threat of is a concern any time the researcher begins with subjects who exhibit extreme values on the dependent variable.

Correct Answer
verified
True

Time-series designs and case studies are examples of

Correct Answer
verified

Feelings of deprivation among the control group may also result in subjects giving up; this is called

Correct Answer
verified

In Martin Gill's research on the effectiveness of CCTV projects in the UK, which of the following techniques did he use?

Correct Answer
verified

When neither the subjects nor the researcher can identify which group is the control group and which is the experimental group, the design is said to be:

Correct Answer
verified

Accidental spillover of an experimental stimulus to the control group is an example of treatment ____________________.

Correct Answer
verified

When there is a study of a large number of variables that are associated with a small number of cases or subjects, the researcher is engaged in ____________________ research.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following would be an example of experimental mortality?

Correct Answer
verified

Experimentation is best suited for hypothesis testing in:

Correct Answer
verified

The central features of what experiment type include (1) independent and dependent variables, (2) pretesting and posttesting, and (3) experimental and control groups created through random assignment?

Correct Answer
verified

What can help rule out the threats to internal validity in an experimental design?

Correct Answer
verified

____________________ refers to the ability to take findings from an experiment and apply them to the real world.

Correct Answer
verified

What process is accomplished by assigning the odd-numbered subjects to the experimental group and the even-numbered subjects to the control group?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

In social scientific experiments, as in medical experiments, the danger of experimenter bias is further reduced to the extent that the operational definitions of the dependent variables are:

Correct Answer
verified
A

Exam 7: Experimental and Quasi Experimental Designs

One threat to internal validity in criminal justice research that is not very significant is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements is true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How many attributes does a dichotomous variable have?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Maturation as a threat to internal validity in experiments refers to:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is not a central feature of the classical experiment?

Correct AnswerverifiedC

The threat of is a concern any time the researcher begins with subjects who exhibit extreme values on the dependent variable.

Correct AnswerverifiedTrue

Time-series designs and case studies are examples of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Feelings of deprivation among the control group may also result in subjects giving up; this is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In Martin Gill's research on the effectiveness of CCTV projects in the UK, which of the following techniques did he use?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When neither the subjects nor the researcher can identify which group is the control group and which is the experimental group, the design is said to be:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Accidental spillover of an experimental stimulus to the control group is an example of treatment ____________________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When there is a study of a large number of variables that are associated with a small number of cases or subjects, the researcher is engaged in ____________________ research.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following would be an example of experimental mortality?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Experimentation is best suited for hypothesis testing in:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The central features of what experiment type include (1) independent and dependent variables, (2) pretesting and posttesting, and (3) experimental and control groups created through random assignment?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What can help rule out the threats to internal validity in an experimental design?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

____________________ refers to the ability to take findings from an experiment and apply them to the real world.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What process is accomplished by assigning the odd-numbered subjects to the experimental group and the even-numbered subjects to the control group?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In social scientific experiments, as in medical experiments, the danger of experimenter bias is further reduced to the extent that the operational definitions of the dependent variables are:

Correct AnswerverifiedA

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C

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True

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A